The easing of the rules gives the hydrocarbon sector additional breathing space to adapt in an orderly way to the energy transition. By preserving a role for liquid fuels and transitional technologies, the EU creates room for innovation in e-fuels, advanced biofuels and lower-carbon industrial processes. Rather than a setback, the adjustment could offer the sector an opportunity to redefine its place in an increasingly decarbonised economy.

2022–2024 period depicts a fuel system in transition: structurally stable in aggregate yet increasingly differentiated across fuel families; anchored in diesel and conventional hydrocarbons, yet showing clear signals of diversification driven by tourism, mobility recovery, industrial cycles and emerging electrification. The trends observed here will shape the strategic and operational context for Spain’s energy, mobility and retail‑fuel sectors as the country moves deeper int

The Observatory aims to support informed decision-making among industry stakeholders, policymakers, investors, and organisations involved in energy planning and compliance.